Jeanette Wintersons Written on the Body and Caryl Churchills Cloud Ni

Jeanette Wintersons Written on the Body and Caryl Churchills debauch NineIn Jeanette Wintersons Written on the Body and Caryl Churchills Cloud Nine differences between male and female roles in society become distinct. Through these differences, an intricate web of male and female characters resonatems to be woven, and we underside see the clarity between gender roles. With the support of Churchills Cloud Nine by Jeffrey Barber, You see, I am no stranger to love Jeanette Winterson and the Extasy of the Word by Celia Shiffer, and Body Languages Scientific and Aesthetic Discourses in Jeanette Wintersons Written on the Body, the idea of love and gender roles present in Jeanette Wintersons Written on the Body and Caryl Churchills Cloud Nine become alive, and we see how these characters both form to and break from their assigned roles. The roles of the characters are exemplified by distinct differences between the genders by means of the presence of love and gender stereotypes, the dom inant idea of nature, and the struggle between male and female characters with specific reference to sexual relationships and marriage. Gender stereotypes seem diagnostic in both Written on the Body and Cloud Nine. Clearly the women are expected to be submissive, while the men are to be assertive. The first-class honours degree time we see the idea of these gender stereotypes in Cloud Nine is with Edward and his sister Victorias doll. Dolls are clearly not toys for boys they are hardly for little girls. And so, when Edward is caught playing with the doll, his father and mother show disappointment in him because it is not proper for a boy to play with a doll. Edward gives the doll up unwillingly. The second time Edward is caught playing with the doll Betty says ... ...tinguishable, often seems figures as a condition of being human rather than coded with female specificity (Shiffer 33). Schiffer draws our attention to a in truth important concept brought about throughout the two novels the concept of loss. Love can only be measured by loss, and in Written on the Body the narrator realizes the importance of Louise and the impact she had on her life only after she is gone. However, when Betty leaves Clive in Cloud Nine she realizes all that she can do for herself, which what is more signifies Clives irrelevance to her life. Both of these works explicitly work for and against one another both forming to and breaking from very intricate connections. Through both texts, we can see how each of the characters wants to conform to certain stereotypes, and how ultimately, many of the characters end up breaking from the stereotypes set forth.

Essay --

During the experiment the researcher explained the subject that first they will do a test, followed by a warm up and after they will repeat the same test. The participants were very receptive, following carefully what the researcher told them. When the test has started all the participants lined up, world ready to perform. The timer has started and each and every subject did their best. After the first test has ended, a warm up came next, where the subjects had to do jogging for two minutes, heights knees both ways of the court, heel flicks, sidewalk running, jumping jacks, and sprints starting from a low to a high intensity. Some of the participants seemed very tired, saying that will read a bad result the second time and some participants said they did not need the warm up because second time will coif sure to have a better score. It can be seen from the results that almost everyone has a better score than the first time, except one person.7. From the results found in this expe riment people can see that warm up has a good effect on athletes. What most of the researchers wrote in thei...

Causes of World War One :: essays research papers

Causes of World War One--------------------------------------------------------------------------------A. sparingImperialism at home and abroad - In one generation Africa - direct possession (1902 only Liberia, founded by former American slaves remains independent) Asia and Near East economic and diplomatic pressure Economic concessions and extra-territorial privileges Ottoman Empire - most vulnerable China - most vulnerable Japan - modernizing rapidly India - firmly in British hands Importance to europium keeps fat on European economy colonial rule a reproach to democracy encouraged feelings of national and racial superiority "Pan" movements - a form of imperialism Technology and science materialism B. SocialHuman welfare serfdom gone (except in Russia) surgery and anesthetics perfected life span long-term Victorian middle class morality in decline spread of literacy. Peace movements "pipe dream of peace". Aristocratic remainders. Neglect of the proletariat. C. I ntellectual1. European cultural heritage2. Ideologies of progressconservatism - delaying action not progress (aristocracy) liberalism - freedom, law, representative government (upper middle class) radicalism - remove class distinctions, anti-clerical (lower middle class) socialism - state-controlled doctrine (city workers) new left - syndicalism D. Political1. the nation-state language and race2. parliamentary government3. partiestied to class and ideology lack of responsibility too many of them 4. Differing formsseparation of powers only in the USA king or president a figurehead in Britain and France search for majorities in parliament Britain the cabinet held the whisk off France and Italy parliament held the whip 5. Extension of the suffrage6. Exceptions to democratizationGermany only has external form of it, the Reichstag is a "debating chamber" Austria-Hungary maintaining monarchy in polyglot confusion Russia a beat between Duma and Ministry E. Military1. popular mil itarismBoer War naval building race Admiral Tirpitz - risk theory Three-year army law France 1913 Tripoli campaign in Italy, 1911 2. Comparative figures on army increase, 1870-19141870 1914Russia 700,000 1,300,000France 380,000 846,000Germany 403,000 812,000Austria-Hungary 247,000 424,000Britain 302,000 381,000Italy 334,000 305,000Japan 70,000 250,000U.S.A. 37,000 98,0003. military expenditure

Reading Between the Lines of Life :: Personal Narrative Essay Example

Reading Between the Lines of Life Two years ago I was selected from a group of over fifty applicants to rick an exchange student. It was not until later that I learned that Germany was where I was to be sent. Although at starting time I was apprehensive to go to Germany because I didnt yet do it the language or much about the country itself, I soon discovered by living there that it was one of the best things that could possibly expect happened to me. There were large changes that occurred in my life, but probably the virtually important and dramatic of these changes was the one that occurred most slowly. Over the course of my time in Germany I learned to see that people think differently and have ideas that differ from my own. I learned not to be selfish and think that the only beneficial is what I think -- but rather that others may also have ideas that are just as good and deserve to be more cautiously looked at. When I arrived in Germany I was overcome with a sense of awe mixed with anticipation for what was to happen. I saw all about me different scenes and one acts of the daily life which was constantly playing around me. Everything, which the Germans did, was so different, especially when it came to driving. I feared that I would not even die the trip from the airport. I did survive the trip to my host familys house. That is where I began to learn that people solve problems in a way that best suits their predicament. Due to the limited space at my first house they had a shared communal garden. They ate different foods than we Americans, they spoke in a different manner, and they even dressed slightly differently. All these differences, I later learned, stem from a difference in the way they thought. While at first these differences seemed uncomfortable I later learned to accept them for what they were. I feel that my acceptance of the fact that we all have differences, was a major turning point in the way that I think. I saw that altho ugh opinions may differ that one person isnt necessarily right and the other wrong. Sometimes it is important to realize that people differ as do their ideas, but the most important fact is that we be able to work out our differences and realize that we are truly all working together.

Impact of Cosmetic Advertisements on Women Essay -- Advertising Market

The Shape of AmericaAs marketing strategies have evolved, they have enhanced the ability of advertisers to communicate to the pot more effectively than ever before. This ability has all toldowed advertisers to not only reach more markets, but to be more influential in the decision do process of the audience. American society, especially young women, is macrocosm influenced by advertisers more now than in previous generations. It is not by accident that teenagers and young adults are targeted by advertisers, especially since their purchasing power as a group exceeds that of any other consumer group. Not only have advertisers learned to identify specialised products that appeal to men and women, but they have also found that the want of the consumer can be turned into a need for the advertised product. Many of the strike product companies advertise their products as a need which ultimately appeals to a vast majority of women. Estee Lauders witness product is one such advertis er. In an August 2004 issue of Vogue magazine, enclosed was a two-page ad campaign intended to sell Estee Lauders Future Perfect Anti-Wrinkle shine Moisturizers SPF. This advertisment is appealing to the consumer because it stresses the importance of remaining young by the use of this product. This advertisement then goes further to stress that, The past is forgiven, the present is improved, and the future will be perfect. This advertisement includes three alluring models, all of which are of different ethnicity but essentially have the same physical attributes. This image is used to appeal to all sorts of American women. The models all have famished bodies this includes their angular, somewhat gaunt faces and protruding collarbones. Located right below this image is the companys slogan which reads, ESTEE LAUDER. delimit Beauty. The attempt is made with this advertisement to define beauty with images of starved and malnourished models which Estee Lauder claims to be the standard f or beauty. Estee Lauder is presenting its view of beauty to the consumer as the define truth. The issue with the advertisment is the acceptance by the consumer that the Estee Lauder definition of beauty is truthful and factual. The targeted audience for this advertisement is women of all ages. Beauty is something extremely important to women and is constantly being reinforced in the socie... .... Of course these women are not real women, but far to often do women take drastic measures look like these behavior models this eventually will lead to eating disorders or severe depression. According to Natural Health magazine, 44% of women who are average or underweight hypothesise that they are overweight. The average womans dress size is 12 and the average mannequin/models dress size is 4 (NBC.com) this makes women feel as if they will never be good enough. According to Melissa Raftery, When we open a magazine, we never see some 400-pound woman on the first page. Instead we see a wo man who is 23% skinnier that the average American woman (What Is Beauty?). Unfortunately, Estee Lauder is not the only beauty product company that puts forth this definition of Beauty and beauty product companies are not the only companies defining beauty. As long as the targeted market continues to buy into the advertisers perfection line, the advertisers will continue to deceive the public. For those who are gullible enough to believe this line of advertising, Estee Lauder ensures confidence and beauty all in one product. After all, their slogan does read, ESTEE LAUDER. Defining Beauty

Impact of Cosmetic Advertisements on Women Essay -- Advertising Market

The Shape of AmericaAs marketing strategies have evolved, they have enhanced the ability of advertisers to fleet to the masses more effectively than ever before. This ability has allowed advertisers to not only reach more markets, but to be more influential in the purpose making process of the audience. American society, especially teenaged women, is being influenced by advertisers more now than in previous generations. It is not by accident that teenagers and young adults are targeted by advertisers, especially since their purchasing power as a group exceeds that of any other consumer group. Not only have advertisers learned to come in specific products that attract to men and women, but they have also found that the want of the consumer can be turned into a need for the advertised product. more of the beauty product companies advertise their products as a need which ultimately appeals to a vast majority of women. Estee Lauders beauty product is one such advertiser. In an Aug ust 2004 issue of Vogue magazine, enclosed was a two-page ad campaign intended to sell Estee Lauders Future immaculate Anti-Wrinkle Radiance Moisturizers SPF. This advertisment is appealing to the consumer because it stresses the importance of remaining young by the use of this product. This advertisement then goes further to stress that, The past is forgiven, the present is improved, and the future forget be perfect. This advertisement includes three alluring models, all of which are of different ethnicity but essentially have the same physical attributes. This image is used to appeal to all sorts of American women. The models all have famished bodies this includes their angular, somewhat gaunt faces and protruding collarbones. Located right below this image is the companys shibboleth which reads, ESTEE LAUDER. Defining steady. The attempt is made with this advertisement to define beauty with images of starved and malnourished models which Estee Lauder claims to be the standard for beauty. Estee Lauder is presenting its view of beauty to the consumer as the defining truth. The issue with the advertisment is the acceptance by the consumer that the Estee Lauder definition of beauty is truthful and factual. The targeted audience for this advertisement is women of all ages. dish is something extremely important to women and is continuously being reinforced in the socie... .... Of course these women are not real women, but far to often do women take drastic measures look care these fashion models this eventually will lead to eating disorders or severe depression. According to Natural Health magazine, 44% of women who are average or close think that they are overweight. The average womans dress size is 12 and the average mannequin/models dress size is 4 (NBC.com) this makes women feel as if they will neer be good enough. According to Melissa Raftery, When we open a magazine, we never see some 400-pound woman on the first page. Instead we see a woman who i s 23% skinnier that the average American woman (What Is Beauty?). Unfortunately, Estee Lauder is not the only beauty product company that puts forth this definition of Beauty and beauty product companies are not the only companies defining beauty. As long as the targeted market continues to buy into the advertisers perfection line, the advertisers will continue to sell the public. For those who are gullible enough to believe this line of advertising, Estee Lauder ensures confidence and beauty all in one product. After all, their slogan does read, ESTEE LAUDER. Defining Beauty

Health Issues in the Philippines Essay

Like any other third-world country, the Philippines have been struggling in any(prenominal) wellness issues and one of it is illegal drug use. A lot of Filipinos atomic number 18 addicted to nix drugs. However, the Philippine government has dealt with this issue and although there are still some recorded incidents of drug abuse, the number of drug dependents in the Philippines has piecemeal decreased.One major health issue in the Philippines, is malnutrition. There have been studies conducted and accordingly, most of the Filipinos that suffer from malnutrition are the poor ones. The Philippine government, thru the Department of Social benefit and Developments along with the Department of Health has provided projects to help poor Filipinos from starvation. Other health issues in the Philippines are breakbone fever cases, but then, these health concerns are only mishap in the rural area of the country. Most of these cases are properly attended to by the Philippine governmentHealt h issues in the PhilippinesThe Philippines have been struggling with some healthcare issues, one of the most noticeable being illegal drug use.There are a number of Filipinos who are said to be addicted to prohibited drugs. However, the Philippine governmenthas concentrated on this issue and although there are still some recorded incidents of drug abuse, the number of drug dependents has gradually decreased.Another serious health issue is malnutrition.Unsurprisingly, the poorer citizens are the ones who suffer from thiscondition. The Philippine government, through the Department of Social Welfare and Development and in conjunction with the Department of Health, has initiated projects to help its poorer citizens who suffer from starvation.Cases of dengue are also notable. However, most of these cases are properly attended to by the Philippine government.

Challenges Doing Business in India Essay

Trade barriers are created to encourage domestic players by making it to a greater extent difficult for foreign firms to compete. Traditionally, India has had several types of trade hurdle race for foreign exporters, such as, Import Quotas, Subsidies, Trade Samples and Tariff/Duty. The most critical barrier to trade is tariffs or the tax imposed on imports. High tariffs in several sectors continue to bar foreign businesses from increased market access.Red-tapism and CorruptionTraditionally, Indian bureaucracy has been tortuous in red tape which proved to be a frustrating experience for foreign investors. These include limited access to Government offices, cumbersome and inner circle paperwork, lack of coordination between various departments processing the documentation, long waiting period for approvals, and above all ambiguous rules. However, with the economic reforms of early 1990s, the level of bureaucratic hurdles which the MNCs had to overcome, gradually reduced making it ea sier to do business. Corruption is another big hurdle when doing business in India. Areas like electricity supply, judiciary (particularly lower courts), Police, put down administration are counted in the most corrupt category. Since all these are essential in hiting up a business, corruption proves to be a major hurdle for starting business in India.Inadequate InfrastructureIt has long been felt that roads and communication in India need substantial investment in order to make them world class. Problems with the countrys education and power situation are also counted amongst the toughest obstacles for doing business. Today, there is an increased private conjunction in ports, roads and other key sectors. Infrastructure development has emerged as a niche market for foreign investors in India with several states looking to build world class infrastructure. The problem area is the absence of a clear-cut policy framework, which has hampered private investment in the infrastructure s ector.

All by My Self

The agency was cold and dark. Oh so cold. All I could hear was the distant sound of craft, fast traffic in a slow world. I felt so distant from everything. Isolated. The only light there was came from a pale street lamp. The traffic sounded want it was drifting away, scarce it was me. I felt so threadbare because of how cold I was. I heard a small sound of the staircase both(prenominal) hotshot was coming up. *** It was a beautiful summer morning. The sun shined brightly through my silk pinky curtains. It was only five past eight but I had a great day a charge of me.Paul was coming down to see me at three oclock and to take me out for a meal somewhere. That meant that I could receive some information for my geography project and at least make a start on it. After all, if I didnt retrieve it finished today, I could always finish it tomorrow. My life seemed so much better thusly. Finally I was beginning to get-around the fact that my parents were Never going to get back toget her. They had fragmentize the day before my 7th birthday, my mum moved out and thought they would sort it out, but a year and a half later the break up came through.I hated my dad because if it werent for him, having an affair with his work colleague, my mum and dad would still dedicate been together. I hated myself too though, because deep down I knew what my dad was doing when mum was away was wrong, but I said nothing to anyone. I convinced myself that it was my fault. At least now though I was seeing a councillor and I was beginning to accept the fact that Mum was married to Ian, Dad loved Karen. My parents were happy, and I was a undersized happier now too. I managed to get all of my feeling out that had been weighing my shoulders down for years.I was happy as long as I was with Paul and I couldnt handgrip to see him. He loved me. All morning I seemed to be rushing everywhere. I went up town to the Library to research the topic of my project. at that place were loads of books and I managed to get everything I needed in notes on paper. I cant wait I cant wait I kept thinking in my mind. Afterwards at intimately ten past two, I phoned Paul to see if he had got on the explicate ok only his Mum told me that he was down at the police station because he had got involved in a really big fight and was possibly going to be in for another six hours.I went stead and dependable stayed in my cogniseroom with my music on full blast. I didnt want to be on my own. roughly of my friends were going to a party, but I felt too dig. I didnt want to get drunk or anything, I wanted someone to lambast to but I wasnt close to my mum then. I later decided to phone a good friend who I had met on the web. He had displace me a photo recently and he was 17 with a face a little like Craig David, but I didnt really think some it much because we were just good friends. He was seeing a girl called Stephanie and I had Paul.I agreed to meet him an hour later at the train st ation by sneaking out of the house when everyone was in bed. I told him that I would be wearing jeans and a blue baggy sweatshirt so he knew who I was. We had never met in person but at least he would recognise me and know who I was. The strangest thing was that I had a example in my mind trying to tell me something, but I just didnt pay any attention to it. This wasnt London where there were bad people. I pushed the little voice to the back of my mind. I was being paranoid, just a little uneasy from stories in the media.He was a friend, and besides, terrible things dont happen in places here. Others yes, but not here. Thats what my problem was, I always trusted everyone. Ten oclock came so I went downstairs, out of the back door and headed towards the station. It was a cool clear night and quite pretty with all the stars. One last road to cross, up the stairs and I was there looking round. I couldnt see him, but then I froze and felt a chill down my spine. A man was walking towar ds me. He was very tall, quite well built and looked strong. His skin was one of the darkest blacks I had ever seen and he was smiling at me.I didnt know who he was, but he knew me. I had been stupid, very stupid. I wanted to run, to abuse to be back home. There were a couple of people around, but I just couldnt move. He was only a metre away and he put his arm around me, perfectly naturally, and led me to his car. My head was spinning around in circles. I was on my own, no one could help me, no one would know where I was. I was so worried slightly what was going to happen to me, what if he killed me? How could I escape? What upset me most is how upset my Nan would be, my Mum.It was from that moment on that I decided that I would do anything and everything he said to. I didnt want to die. The car journey was unusual I felt as if I was in a different world. Everything around me was misty, moving fast. I couldnt take in a lot of where we were, but when everything vindicated slightl y I noticed we were turning into a street and he said almost there baby. I knew I had to have some sort of idea where I was. The road he turned the car into was called Maybush Avenue. He was watching me closely and said we were in Shirley. I made sure enough I remembered that too.When the car finally stopped we got out and he told me to walk towards the end house. I did as he said. The street was quite long and had virtually 16 houses each side. It was quite a rough area, with loads of graffiti and rubbish around, and hardly any lights, one worked better than the others but it was still instead faint. When I stopped at the door he opened it and took me inside. The house was different to others. It had no carpets, just a rug here and there. The floor was just stone and the sitting room was like a waiting room, cold and depressing.There was a single sofa that had rips in it and old stains, and a lead in the corner, which was taped up where it had been broken several times. He went into the kitchen and brought back a bottle of wine and two glasses, but I told him about my anti-depressants, so he got me some coke instead. He instructed me to follow him upstairs, and lead me into a dark room with a double bed in it. He told me to.. get undressed and get into bed, and went back down stairs. I didnt want him to get angry with me or hurt me, so I just took my jeans off and got into the bed on the window side.I had left my long nighty and bra under my sweat shirt, and had tights under my jeans because of how cold it was outside. I left them on so that only my hands and face were uncovered. I wanted to hide myself from his clutches. I even felt like jumping out of the window. I felt so upset and mad at myself. I was so insane to trust someone I had never met. I tried not to think of it though. The room was cold and dark. Oh so cold. All I could hear was the distant sound of traffic, fast traffic in a slow world. I felt so distant from everything. Isolated. The only light there was came from a pale street lamp.The traffic sounded like it was drifting away, but it was me. I felt so tired because of how cold I was. I heard a small sound coming from the staircase someone was coming up. It was him. I woke up at about eight oclock. I got out of bed and put my clothes on and I was thinking about getting out, but he soon woke up. I decided I would make up an excuse as to why I had to go home, hoping he wouldnt be bothered by it. I told him about my project and said I urgently needed to finish it. He sat up on the bed and said its ok Ill take you home now that I have done what I wanted to.I thought that what happened through the night was just a nightmare. That nothing had happened apart from my head being messed up. I felt so cheap, so worthless. I was in a trance. I couldnt remember who or where I was. When I was dropped outside my house, I just walked inside, hoping everyone was ok. All I felt inside me was hatred, not for him or my family. For myse lf. I was stupid, cheap, dirty and I am nothing anymore. Ever since this happened, I have still felt that hatred of myself. I still feel worthless and empty, but I am starting to re-build my life and I hope to invent happiness one day.

Cost Accounting Essay

Problem 1Different management levels in Bates, Inc., require varying degrees of managerial accounting information. Because of the need to comply with the managers requests, four divergent variances for manufacturing crash are computed each month. The information for the September overhead expenditures is as followsBudgeted output units3,200unitsBudgeted fixed manufacturing overhead$20,000Budgeted variable manufacturing overhead$5per direct labor momentBudgeted direct manufacturing labor mos2hours per unitFixed manufacturing costs incurred$26,000Direct manufacturing labor hours used7,200Variable manufacturing costs incurred$35,600Actual units manufactured3,400Requireda. exercise a 4-variance analysis for the plant controller.b.Compute a 3-variance analysis for the plant manager.c.Compute a 2-variance analysis for the corporate controller.Problem 2McKenna Company manufactured 1,000 units during April with a total overhead budget of $12,400. However, while manufacturing the 1,000 un its the microcomputer that contained the months cost information broke down. With the computer out of commission, the accountant has been unable to complete the variance analysis underwrite. The information missing from the report is lettered in the following set of dataVariable overheadStandard cost per unit 0.4 labor hour at $4 per hourActual costs $2,100 for 376 hoursFlexible budget aTotal flexible-budget variance bVariable overhead spending variance cVariable overhead efficiency variance dFixed overheadBudgeted costs eActual costs fFlexible-budget variance $500 favorableRequiredCompute the missing elements in the report represented by the lettered items.

Attachment and Divorce

Attachment and Divorce FAMILY CONSEQUENCES Bowlbys, Ainsworths, and S arousers research created the understanding that infant styles create a disposition for later deportmental traits. more than online research has questioned the signifi whoremasterce of how the disruption of the supplement structure (such as in divorce) can affect childrens behaviors throughout life.The research on this topic is mutually exclusive and somewhat inconclusive, with research asserting that either attachment style or external environment has been the main contributor to the behaviors suckn in members of split families, while many sources stated that it is likely to be a combination of both influences. With either explanation, research concludes that children of divorced families have a disposition to these behaviors, but the end outgrowth of behavior and personality is in the hands of the individual and the external f hazardors that are present. Abstr bringThe attachment theory that was foundere d by Harlow, Bowlby, and Ainsworth, which states that attachment is a break aspect to determining personality and behavior throughout an individuals life period. Attachment can be defined as the strong bond that develops introductory between reboot and child, and later in peer and romantic relationships (Bowlby, 1969). Research on divorce and dissolution of attachment figures has yielded conflicting results. It is a good deal reported that children of divorce have bicker adapting to different stages of their lives because of their experience with broken or free attachment bonds.These children are said to have no accurate template for successful relationships to replicate in their lives. Other research provided results that children of divorce adapt to lifes situations and relationships indoors normal ranges when compared to their peers (Armistead, Forehand, Summers, & Tannenbaum, 1998). Taking this into account, these researchers looked to peer relations, socioeconomic statu s, general distress, or poor parenting skills to explain the appearance of hard behavior or poor grades.The study of all aspects of divorce and attachment is important to how parents, psychologists, and teachers approach and understand children of divorced families in order to help them strike their full potential as adults. Overview of Attachment Theory The attachment theory has a basis in three theoretical approaches and was first related to archpriest and infant- spawn studies. The three approaches include a psychoanalytic approach, the social learning approach, and the ethological theory of attachment (Ainsworth, 1969).Childhood attachment styles are clearly based on the ruttish bond between the parent and child, as opposed to a biological push to become attached. A study on adopted children appearings that positively create attachments heighten the chance for a well-adjusted life, regardless of the biological relation of the attachment figure (Juffer, Stams & van IJzendoo rn, 2002). Even in a biologically misrelated group of parents and their adopted children from different cultures and ethnic backgrounds, early child-parent relationship characteristics played a significant role in shaping childrens adjustment in gist childhood (Juffer et al. 2002, p. 814). Harlow (1958) experimented with infant rhesus monkeys by removing them from their mothers and offering them a choice between dickens surrogate mothers, one made of terry cloth, the other of fit out. In the first group, the terry cloth mother provided no food while the wire mother did, in the recoil of an attached baby bottle containing milk. In the second group, the terrycloth mother provided food the wire mother did non. The young monkeys clung to the terrycloth mother regardless it provided them with food, and that the other young monkeys chose the wire surrogate only when it provided food.The monkeys in the terrycloth study fared better in many aspects of their lives compared to others wh o were provided with only a wire mother, and were more likely to be adjusted physically, mentally, and socially compared to the monkeys raised by the wire mother. Harlow concluded from his research that the primates are better off in their lives when given more comfort, attention, and grooming when compared to those who were deprived of these elements (Harlow).Harlow (1958) too noned that the infant monkeys misrepresent a close bond, or attachment to their surrogate cloth mothers. These surrogate mothers were oft used as a secure base when opportunities to venture and seek were presented. This was done in order to see how the infants adapted to the surroundings. These infants used their feelingal bond to ensure that they would not be harmed when encountering new objects. Also, when a threatening excitant was presented in this laboratory experiment, the monkeys retreated to the cloth mothers for safety.This correlates with Ainsworths (1967) finding that infants in Uganda use their mothers as a secure base to explore, occasionally leaving their sights, but periodically returning to ensure themselves that they are static there. Bowlby (1969) also demeanoured research on attachment, recognizing the undeniable bond between infants and their primary care givers. In a multifariousness of cultures that have been studied, the majority of children ranging in age from nine months to one year elder have exhibited strong attachment behavior towards their primary care giver.This gallery continued until three to four geezerhood of age, where the attachment weakened slightly. Hopefully at this point, the child is secure enough to briefly venture from the mother, and begin to develop other interactions and attachments (Bowlby). The notion that attachment extends throughout the life of an individual is noted in sections of Ainsworths and Bowlbys literature. Bowlby (1969) stated that over time, the attachment that infants have for their parents is subtly weakened. The grade to which it is weakened depends on the temperament of the child, which in turn determines how readily new attachment bonds are sought out and formed. Bowlby also researched the effect that temporary overtaking of the mother had on human infants, and his findings were expanded upon by the development of the Strange Situation Procedure developed by Ainsworth. Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, and Wall (1978) solidified Bowlbys research on infants and developed three main attachment styles. These styles are based on Ainsworths (1978) studies of temporary loss of the main attachment figure within a controlled lab setting.This research was called the Strange Situation Procedure. The results showcased the distinct attachment characteristics for each style. Avoidant infants focus their attention mainly on toys that are found around the research room, not directly on the mother. The children appear to be independent and confidant, but there is intentional avoidance of the mother figure occurring. Once the mother is removed, these infants become detached and avoid the substitute caretaker. When returning, the infant continues to avoid the parent (Ainsworth et al. , 1978).Secure infants are genuinely social and explorative within the environment. They are friendly to the mother and caretaker, although can be wary of strangers. Secure infants show signs of anger and sadness when the mother is removed, but eventually adjust to the absence. These infants are generally excited upon the return of the mother (Ainsworth et al. , 1978). Lastly, the Anxious or Ambivalent pattern of behavior in infants shows signs of anxiety and hostility towards the parent. The Ambivalent infant is shows aggression toward the mother, but longs to be close to her at the same time.This behavior occurs both before and afterwards the parent returns to the room (Ainsworth et al. , 1978). Hazan and Shaver (1987) continued this line of research and adapted the original attachment styles to patter ns of attachment behavior in adult romantic relationships. The same three attachment styles remain true for adjustment and behavior in adult relationships (Hazan, & Shaver). The hard attached infants matured into adults that were more likely to experience balanced relationships of a desirable duration. The Avoidant infants grew up to have a few short relationships, if any at all.Ambivalent infants became adults who had frequent partners, but often to not allow themselves or their partner to establish the close bond that they would like to form. Separation From an Attachment exercise Spouse espousals is a highly significant form of attachment bond that has negative consequences when broken. Bowlby realized and supported the notion that as we grow older, we form new attachments with multiple important figures throughout our lives (Bowlby, 1969). For infants, it is only natural to form attachments with the people who care for them most, in regards to their physiological and emotiona l needs.As people mature, the old attachments are only severed after great strain, and new attachments are made along the way. New attachments can be friends, co- die harders or romantic interests (Bowlby, 1969). The do of divorce on the adults who are engulfed in the situation tend to be as stressful as those found in the children. Weiss (1976) work showed that the reaction of couples after divorce is similar to the core set of reactions of other examples where attachment is broken, including the reactions of children.Kobak (1999) refered to the Weiss study and stateed that the availability of an attachment figure in relationships is important to the strength of the bond. When this availability is broken, more like an enhanced Strange Situation Procedure for adults, the security of one spouse or the other is threatened. Berman (1988) noticed from his study of divorced couples, that there is often a strong sense of longing for the estranged partner, and a mourning of the loss is e xperienced. He also noted that there is a seemingly confused mix of anger, resentment, and lingering positive feelings for the estranged spouse.Weiss (1976) explained this by stating This persisting bond to the spouse resembles the attachment bond of children to parents described by Bowlby. Indeed it seems reasonable to guess that the bond we observe to persist in unhappy marriages is an adult development of childhood attachment (p. 138). Although the distress caused by divorce is great for both partners, it is easier to see how adults cope with the broken attachment because of their life experiences, maturity, and alternate sources of support. In contrast, children rely mainly on few attachment figures and often privation the coping skills that adults have refined.Children Children usually lose a degree of contact with one of their precise few attachment figures when a divorce occurs. It is a confusing and stressful time for children, regardless of whether the divorce was amicab le or not. Booth, Clarke-Stewart, McCartney, Owen, & Vandell (2000) refer to various national studies when they stated that poor school performance, low self-esteem, behavior problems, distress, and adjustment difficulties are associated with divorce. In adolescents from divorced families they noted more instances of delinquent behavior, early sex activity, and continued academic issues.In contrast, there have also been comparable studies that detect no unusual behavior or emotional distress occurring from divorce (Armistead et al. , 1998). For example, one study involved extensive questionnaires and concluded that the average scores attained from the children were within normal ranges when compared to children of intact families (Armistead et al. ). There are many factors that may play into how childrens attachments are altered after a divorce, gender and age being the two most documented variables. Childrens adjustment and the factor of age.The behavioral reaction of a child to di vorce has been shown to correlate with the age group when the divorce or separation occurs. In a controversial study of divorced families, Blakeslee & Wallerstein (1989) stated that most children have the same initial feelings. When their family breaks up, children feel vulnerable, for they fear that their lifeline is in endangerment of being cut (p. 12). They then went on to discuss the age differences and how the stage at which divorce occurs can impact what behaviors may take place.Blakeslee and Wallerstein (1989) observed, Little children often have difficulty falling asleep at bedtime or sleeping through the night. Older children may have trouble concentrating at school. Adolescents often act out and get into trouble. Men and women may become depressed or frenetic. Some throw themselves into sexual affairs or immerse themselves in work (p. xii). Booth et al. (2000) conducted wide sampling research and realized that the worst initial reactions and behaviors that occur close to the date of the divorce were by the youngest children.In a carry out study 10 years after the divorce, however, the youngest children were adjusting to their new environments and interactions better than siblings who were older at the time of the divorce. Childrens adjustment and the factor of sex. Gender difference between children in a divorce plays a very important role in how they adjust. This is true during the time of the divorce and has lasting effects in adult life. ternary studies have agreed that boys and girls react differently to the reduced contact with a major attachment figure.Boys seem to have an especially difficult time with divorce, make them to have trouble at school, withdraw from social interactions, or start fights with peers (Blakeslee & Wallerstein, 1989). However, Amato (2001) wrote a follow up study to his primitively meta-analysis findings. In this earlier study, behavior traits were ranked in children with divorced parents and observed negative behav iors. The current study emphasizes that differences are not unique to either boys or girls. Amato and Keith (1991) found that the deficit in social adjustment associated with marital disruption was greater for boys than for girls.In the 1990s, divorce was associated with greater conduct problems among boys than girls. But the more general conclusionin the earlier meta-analysis as well as in the present oneis that most of the disadvantages associated with divorce are similar for boys and girls. These findings imply that the stress on the children is equal, although they may show it in differing ways. Amatos (2001) follow up study also went to great lengths to show that current trends in gender differences are not as severe as they were once thought to be.Children of Divorce Outcomes Short-term outcomes for children from divorced families seem to be roiling, but the outcome becomes increasingly optimistic as the children age and mature (Blakeslee & Wallerstein, 1989). The individuals who were interviewed by Wallerstein (1989) showed a strong desire to fix what their parents could not within their own adult lives. They wanted to have stable families and relationships, although many viewed this dream as idealistic, not realistic. They fear betrayal. They fear abandonment.They fear loss. They draw an inescapable conclusion Relationships have a high likelihood of being untrustworthy betrayal and infidelity are probable (Blakeslee & Wallerstein, p. 55). Regardless of the long term effects on these particular interviewees, Amato and Keith (1991) concluded after their own assessment that children of highly conflicted families who are not divorced fare worse over time than children with divorced parents. This shows that distance from an attachment figure may be better than living in a troubled environment.Blakeslee and Wallerstein (1989) observed through their years of interviews with children of divorce an occurrence known as the Sleeper Effect. It is defined as, a de layed reaction to an event that happened many years earlier (Blakeslee & Wallerstein, p. 60). The Sleeper Effect is seen mostly in young women whose parents divorced while they were young children. As previously noted, boys are more likely to act out during the time of divorce, showing their aggression and anger at the situation (Amato and Keith, 1991). Girls on the other hand, seem to keep this frustration inside.This pent up emotion is theorized to show its effects later in the lives of these girls (Blakeslee & Wallerstein). Its effects are described as, particularly dangerous because it occurs at the crucial time when many young women make decisions that have long-term implications for their lives. Suddenly overcome by fears and anxieties, they begin to make connections between these feelings and their parents divorce (Blakeslee & Wallerstein, p. 61). Most attachment and divorce literature claims attachment is an intact part of the outcomes seen in children from divorced families .However, many of these sources also mention the presence of secondary factors such as income, mothers employment status, or peer relationships. These factors can also play a key role in determining how a child deals with divorce. For example, Booth et al, (2000) summarized their results and said that during the early stages of life, it is perhaps most important that the unattached parent has good parenting skills. This, they say, is more important to the outcome of the child than the family structure, meaning that parenting practices have a greater effect on children than marital status.They mention that lack of education, depression, low income, and inadequate support from the mother leads to poor adjustment and behavior in young children. Many of these factors can be brought on by a divorce, such as lack of support or attention for children, depression, and economic status. The fading stigma of divorce is another universal factor that has been observed to reposition the well be ing of these children. Contrary to the past, divorce is not viewed as a degrading occurrence, which once brought social exclusion, shame, and the feeling of failure to family members.Similarly, the current volume has increased, and current divorces are not preceded by as much violence and anger as in the past (Amato, 2001). Conclusion The somewhat contrasting views provide a solid, yet inconclusive basis for our understanding of how divorce affects families. Different views have been discussed, including the attachment theory and the effects of family environments. The research has uncovered a wealth of cognition about how adults and children deal with loss and feelings of abandonment and insecurity.There were many common reactions to divorce that have been observed over these situations, including sadness, anger, insecurity, and lack of trust, which can lead to depression, conduct issues, or unrealistic relationship views. Regardless of these common findings, many children of divor ce eventually learn to accept the past and look toward their futures. There are still many avenues that can be taken in the research techniques and literature surrounding divorce and children, but the detrimental findings of the 1970s seem to have faded, along with (and by chance because of) the social stigmas that have been linked to divorce.References Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1967). Infancy in Uganda Infant care and the growth of attachment. Baltimore, MD Johns Hopkins University Press. Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1969). Object relations, attachment and dependency. Child Development, 40, 969-1025. Ainsworth, M. D. S. , Blehar, M. C. , Waters, E. , & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, NJ Erlbaum. Amato, P. R. (2001). Children of divorce in the 1990s An update of the Amato and Keith (1991) meta-analysis.Journal of Family Psychology, 15, 355-370. Amato, P. R. , & Keith, B. (1991). Parental divorce and adult well-being A meta-analy sis. Journal of Marriage & the Family, 53, 43-58. Armistead, L. , Forehand, R. , Summers, P. , & Tannenbaum, L. (1998). Parental divorce during early adolescence in Caucasian families The role of family process variables in predicting the long-term consequences for early adult psychosocial adjustment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 327-336. Berman, W. H. (1988). The role of attachment in the post-divorce experience.Journal of Personality and tender Psychology, 54, 496-503. Blakeslee, S. , & Wallerstein, J. S. (1989). Second chances Men, women and children a decade after divorce. New York Ticknor & Fields. Booth, C. , Clarke-Stewart, K. A. , McCartney, K. , Owen, M. T. , & Vandell, D. L. (2000). Effects of parental separation and divorce on very young children. Journal of Family Psychology, 14, 304-326. Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss Attachment (Vol. 1). New York Basic. Harlow, H. F. (1958). The nature of love. American Psychologist, 13, 573-585.Hazan, C. , & Shaver, P. R. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511-524. Juffer, F. , Stams, G. J. J. M. , & van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (2002). Maternal sensitivity, infant attachment, and temperament in early childhood predict adjustment in middle childhood The case of adopted children and their biologically unrelated parents. Developmental Psychology, 38, 806-821. Kobak, R. (1999). The emotional dynamics of disruptions in attachment relationships. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds. , Handbook of attachment (pp. 21-43). New York Guilford. Nakonezny, P. A. , Shull, R. D. , & Rodgers, J. L. (1995). Divorce rate across the 50 states and its relation to income, education, and religiosity. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, 477-488. Waite, L. J. , & Gallagher, M. (2000). The case for marriage. New York Doubleday. Warner, R. L. , & Seccombe, K. (2003). Marriage and families Relationships in social context. Toronto, Canad a Wadsworth. Weiss, R. S. (1976). The emotional impact of marital separation. Journal of Social Issues, 32, 135-145.

Decision modeling and analysis Essay

Case Problem1Production StrategyHere, there is a production management in the Better Fitness, Inc. (BFI) which manufactures two types of machines (BodyPlus100 and BodyPlus200). The detailed math has been done in the report as per the statistics given for its production of the two varieties of the machines. The raw material courts in each section consisting in the manufacture of the specific machine (either BodyPlus100 or BodyPlus200).The labor costs are also given which sums up the production cost of the machine so as to calculate the total cost for its manufacture. The net remunerations are calculated and recommended that the manufacture of one BodyPlus100 machine provides more(prenominal) profit than that is produced in the manufacture of one BodyPlus200 machine.As the net profit do per second in the manufacture of one BodyPlus100 is $24.73 and where as, the net profit made per hour in the manufacture of one BodyPlus200 is $19.83Case Problem2Solutions PlusIn this case issue, t he company Solutions Plus is an industrial chemicals company that produces specialized cleaning smooth-spokens and solvents for a wide-eyed variety of applications. The main issue is that this company has been invited to forward a period of play to supply Great North American railroad with a cleaning fluid for locomotives. The main case is to deal with the math related to the production cost and the shipping from two different places (Cincinnati and Oakland, California).The Solution Plus itself cannot produce and deliver the broad(a) amount of required gallons of the cleaning agent and considering the larger distances to ship these cleaning agents, the shipping charges are also included as the expenditure for manufacturing the cleaning agent. The bid has is sent after deciding that the entire production from Cincinnati and Oakland, California shorts the exact requirement of the cleaning agents from eleven (11) different locations in America. Since the requirement is not exactly met, the supply of the cleaning agents to Pendleton is made short of 17,615 gallons. The reason besides Pendleton is made short of its required deal because, the shipping costs are more to the place from Cincinnati. Also, specified that only 500,000 gallons of cleaning agent can be supplied from Cincinnati and only 50,000 gallons can be sent to any location from Oakland, California. The bid is for a contract of two years. So the shipping costs may vary after one year as the fuel rates might fluctuate. So the Director of marketing of Solution Plus has to bid now fore sighting the fluctuations in the fuel price.Hence, due to the restriction of the total number of gallons supplied from Cincinnati, we could only supply 972,937 gallons of the locomotives cleaning agent to the 11 different locations where the exact requirement is 990,522 gallons of the cleaning agent. When the bid is made for $1,821,214.39 for one year, then the net profit that is made in one year is $237,749.72

The movie industry

The movie industry has already found its roots in this lifetime, and probably compensate in the next. Hollywood itself is a historical entity it has its deal got life, its own people, and its own followers and worshippers. It is like a cult that creates a huge amount of money both single day. It has invaded non only the queen-sized screen, scarce our televisions and music players as well. In circumstance, the three categories of fun take in often intertwined and ex metamorphosed characters. We obsess over the movies that we feel like we can relate to. mayhap its because of the theme, or the ending of the story that has re eachy touched our lives.Or it was a favorite book that we have read a million times that can now live outside our imaginations and can visually please us on the big screen. Or we watch a movie simply because we love the actors in it, so much so that we know what they ate for breakfast for the whole week. We have been by-line the movie industry for a lon g time now. We praise and worship those who get ahead the biggest money on its opening week and almost non mention those who do not even make it to the big screen and directly to DVDs. Money is the ultimate cause and end of this industry. And it is said that money is also the primer coat why the ratings live on.Almost all movies have a rating by the MPAA. heretofore, the accuracy and the legitimacy of these ratings argon being questioned not only by the film industry players, but mostly by the people the MPAA swore to exist for, the American p bents and their innocent fryren. The fruit that exists now is not whether or not parents should allow their children to watch movies that have been labeled as restricted for them, but the integrity of the ratings itself is questionable. The controversies surrounding the ratings of Hollywood movies cloud over the fact that the principal reason for the existence of the ratings is responsibility and sensibility.Their goal as an associati on is to be of assistance to the American parents to help them guide their children in restricting and choosing which movies to watch. As it was stated by Jack Valenti, former MPAA president, in an article that he wrote, To offer to parents some advance information about movies so that parents can steady down what movies they want their children to see or not to see (Valenti). besides several critiques and hullabaloos have been shed in lieu of the existence of this ratings organization.Some formulate that the mature members are biased towards the producers and directors that they have come to love. Some say that the members of this board abhor movies that targets issues that they are light-sensitive about. It seems that the existence of much(prenominal)(prenominal) an organization cannot really protect anybody, if that is what they are really for. If I was a parent, and I was asked if I should allow my children to watch movies that were labeled unsuitable for them by a group of people that have questionable goals and motives, I would say yes, I depart unimpeachably allow them.I would advocate allowing children to watch restricted stamped movies because I know that even if the ratings do not exist, the parents leave alone be responsible enough to discuss issues with their children firsthand. The parents have the discretion when it comes to watching these movies with their children. Parents exist for guidance and support, for story and for realization. Some parents are willing to be open and discuss important life changing issue with their children and do not encounter any problems with it.Some parents shy away from the issue because they think their children would not understand. But this is not true. School-aged children are old and mature enough to try to understand issues. According to Erik Eriksons surmisal of developmental tasks, school-aged children are already curious as to how and why things operate the way they do. Their intense curiosities may be able to teach them a lot already, especially if someone they trust, like their parents, will be delivering the information to them firsthand (Kaplan). thither is nothing wrong with a child knowing some sensitive topics at such a young age.In fact, children today are very aware of global issues and how these things take them. The MPAA can stamp their ratings on movies as long as they want and they could, but they really could not stop any parent from allowing their children to watch movies. Secondly, I deem it unnecessary for a ratings board such as the MPAA to exist. Ratings are arbitrary and subjective the people who stamp these ratings on movies are people unless like us, human beings that can be subjected to persuasions and influences. Some filmmakers are devising their case against the MPAA heard.According to Scoot Bowles of the States Today, Harvey Weinsteins movie Grindhouse was in the brink of being rated NC-17, a rating that cannot only lower your sales, but can t otally cross out your movie from existence. So Weinsteins game plan was to make Quentin Tarantino, infamous creator the Kill Bill series, which also happens to be the director of Grindhouse, face the debate with the MPAA (Bowles). Apparently, the board loves Tarantino, and instead of giving the Grindhouse an NC-17 rating, they got an R with little trimming in the horror exploitation film. Also, rating is even voluntary (The Classification and Rating Administration).Film makers can opt not to get their movies rated, this is a freedom of choice. However if this is the case, why is it that almost all films are getting ratings when it isnt really a requirement? There are issues surrounding this statement. Some are saying that it is a taboo when a film is not rated, or unrated, mostly because unrated films are foreign films, obscure independent films, direct-to-video films, pornographic films, made-for-TV films, large format (IMAX) films, or documentaries that are not expected to play ou tside the art house market, films that are not departure to hit the top ten box office sales any time soon (Medved).In profit to that, when a film is unrated, some cinemas of DVD stores do not sell them any more, which is equal to lesser revenues (Bowles). Films rated NC-17 are also almost unable to sell, hence when a film gets this rating, the makers usually plea for a change in rating. The film makers and the MPAA members agree on a new rating, with a compromise. There would be more cuts and whatever else the MPAA board decides to do. This in itself is questionable. When a rating is made, the rating should stick.How can the organization prove to the parents their commendable is they accept negotiations? Ratings should be travel byn and they should be final. The NC-17 rating is most dreaded because not only will this cut your market in half, but will also make an impression already sooner it can be given the chance to be seen and heard. There are currently five categories of M PAA ratings. first gear is the G rating, which means General Audiences-All Ages Admitted, the PG rating, Parental Guidance Suggested.Some Material May non Be fit For Children, PG-13 is Parents Strongly Cautioned. Some Material May Be Inappropriate For Children Under 13, next is the R rating, or Restricted, Under 17 Requires Accompanying Parent Or Adult Guardian and finally the NC-17 or No One 17 And Under Admitted rating (Valenti). Regardless of rating, children should be allowed to see works of art. Movie making is creativity at its best, for a targeted audience. I believe that movie makers should be given this freedom to let loose their art and their visions, how they see the world.And as their audience, people should be given the chance to see it and appreciate it, give the applause it deserves. Unfortunately, movie making has become a money making industry. Some independent films are really worthy of the exposure, but because they are being crushed by the bigger movie moguls , they cannot contest with it. The MPAA is even said to be biased towards the movie moguls in the industry (Medved). Eventually it will all boil down to choice. It is the movie makers choice to heed the advice of the MPAA and accept their ratings.It is the MPAA boards choice to give a rating to the movie. Most importantly, it is the audiences choice whether or not to see the film, whether or not to allow their children to watch it. Restrictions are just guidance, a reminder that in that respect may be some issue or graphic scenes that the MPAA deem not suitable for such an audience, but it is still up to the parents to assert their final decision. Responsible parenthood can immediately and mechanically turn down the tables for the MPAA or the movie industry itself.Nobody really has to be told about their morals, for it is subjective, it depends on the individual. The outline at how movies are rated is questionable, no doubt, but the way parents discipline their children is not. T hey can opt to allow their child to see R rated movies, and the consequences of such an act, may it be good or bad, is theirs for the taking. Works Cited Kaplan. The Basics. New York Kaplan Publishing, 2007. Medved, Michael. R-Rated Movies Not A Good Investment For Hollywood. 2000. Texas A&M University. 10 celestial latitude 2008 . Questions & Answers Everything You Always Wanted To greet About The Movie Rating System. 2000. The Classification and Rating Administration. 10 December 2008 . Bowles, Scott. Debating the MPAAs mission. 2007. USA Today. 10 December 2008 . Valenti, Jack. How it all began. 2000. MPA. 10 December 2008 .

Situation Analysis Dell

Situation Analysis dell Inc. MKTG 300-51 Glenn, Hayen By Brian Cavalier 2- 28-2010 History & Background As a student at the University of Texas Austin, Michael dell founded dell Inc in 1984. Michael started his venture by building PCs from his dorm room. He wanted to sell directly to the consumer and throw off them options during assembly, which would lower cost and give the consumer more of what they desired. Michael believed that by selling directly to the consumers, he could better understand the wants and ineluctably of the people who were purchasing his products.This was an immediate success, as dingle was roughing e rattlingwhere $80,000 a month (Gale, 2010). In 1984, he dropped out of give instruction and went public with dell Computer Corporation. Large firms such as IBM dominated the trade in the 80s, so Dell advertised in calculator magazines directed at people with the knowledge that Dell used high quality parts, and sold their PCs for less. Using this approach, D ell Inc. hit gross sales of $6 cardinal in its first full year of distribution, and almost $40 million in the second year (Gale, 2010)Dell is the second largest player in the global soulal figurer trade with a 15% commercialize sh are (Standard and Poors). The companys expanding growth spurs out to Brazil, Russia, china and India with revenues from these countries rising by 20% the past year (Standard and Poors). Revenues pay off accessiond by 48% in segments outside the United States. The company recorded revenues of $61,101M (Business and telephoner) million during the financial year ended December 2009. FY2009, direct profit of the company was $3,190 M and its net profit was $2,478 M (Datamonitor, July, 2009).Dells node base is mainly personal users, families, businesses, healthcare, governments and schools. They are the number one supplier of personal PCs in the United States and are second in the world. ( Standard and Poors) Dells main competitors are Hewlett-Packard and IBM. Industry Analysis The computer hardware industry is one which is growing globally. It grew by 7. 6% in 2008 to reach a care for of $411 billion (Datamonitor, December, 2009). In 2013, the global computer hardware market is forecast to have a repute of $511. 2 billion, an increase of 24. 4% since 2008 (Datamonitor, December, 2009).With growth potential forecasted to increase, Dell and it competitors go forth have room to increase their market value. With favorable forecasting in the industry, computer hardware companies have a great grass of decisions to diagnose. The industry has many diverse users all with different wants and needs. Issues such as storage, music manipulation, video enhancement, money management tools, peripheral options, business use, school use and a plethora of other applications affect market segmentation. With so many options, it means that the customer base is very diverse and has many different soul needs.The ability of companies to meet the ne eds of consumers effectively and find small advantages over their competitors is key to increasing boilersuit earnings. Technology trends play a huge role in the computer hardware industry. With the development of better, smarter, quick and innovative products the industry offers, it makes competition very great. The computer hardware industry strives to give every person a use for their products. New ideas happening everyday make their products more practical for users to purchase. Service has as well as become an interesting trend.Consumers dont always know how to use their computer properly, and in wind they tend to blame it on the computer, not their inabilities. Great customer do is a trend Dell has embarked upon to gain market share. Increased globalization is a trend that testament continue to happen in the industry. As the world economies become more stable and able to purchase computer hardware, they will have different wants and needs which will have to be met. Being proactive rough globalization will be fundamental if companies want to expand and gain market share. Dells main Competitor is Hewlett Packard .Hewlett packard has taken over the dominant market share. IBM is as well as a big competitor of Dell and the situation isnt spillage to get any easier for them in the future. Both companies have recorded better revenue and increase in market share than Dell. Competition within the industry is based upon product line, price, new technologies and selling tactical manoeuvre Strengths Strong Brand Name Recognition High Market Share Niche sales marketing Weakness Declining market share Product Recalls Opportunities Indirect Sales market growth Increase warring edge Product Growth Threats Hewlett-Packard (Competitors) Declining Economy StrengthsDell has strong name recognition with a market share of 15%. Dell has been around for a long time and has developed good customer relations. Dell has reached consumers in an innovative way that engages them in the building process of their computers. This will continue to be a strong point of Dell its a nice niche to have in such a competitive market. Weaknesses Dell has seen operating success in terms of revenue, but Dells market share has been steadily losing value in the market. Although they have a healthy share of the market, Dell will need to increase their market share by keeping up with new and expanding markets.Dell has also had some product recalls this causes loyal customers to look elsewhere and deters new consumers. Dell peckt contribute to make manufacturing mistakes as consumers opinion is vital for success. Opportunities While not Dells traditional way of operating, Dell has the ability to increase their indirect sales. Dell could gain more recognition by establishing themselves in a traditional retail pin downting. Dell offers a lot of products that consumers might not always hear about and by putting products in a retail environment they could gain market sha re.With Dell already being a leader in the industry, they have the opportunity to increase their competitive edge. Dell has the capabilities to make their products better and more unique than competitors to entice consumers. Consumers are always interested in new ideas and Dell has the opportunity to introduce other technology into their brand name. While Dell already has many products, on that point is always room for growth in the industry. Threats Dell has tough competition in the industry. Dell is prat Hewlett-Packard in Global Market Share and is increasing their position.Others in the market are also very strong competitors. Dell is in a constant battle to create the surpass products at the best price. Since prices of computer systems are becoming more comparable, Dell will need to go beyond their expression business model if they want to keep their market position. Declining economy could be a huge menace for Dell. If companies are closing and people arent working, it ma kes their products, no matter how great they might be, not be applicable to peoples change in economic status. If the economy doesnt rebound, this could be detrimental to Dell Inc. trade Recomendation My market strategy for Dell is to design and produce smart phones. This would be similar to what Mac has make with the iphone, but I want Dells phones to be available on all service providers. I feel this is a great way to help close the gap between them and Hewlett-Packard. By providing this product that Hewlett-Packard doesnt, Dell can gain market share and increase revenue. Dell already makes ornamentation pilots and by combining that technology into a phone, they can design a really useful, efficient consumer product. Dell could market these phones to businesses at a discounted rate.By selling to large corporations, they can increase revenue at a very high rate. They can set up a web spot where consumers can design and pick options they desire. Selling directly to the consumer w ill save the consumer time and money. Dell can set up the phone so that it is ready for use as soon as the consumer receives the product. The consumer wont have the hassle of setting the phone up at the store, saving them time and frustration. Dell needs to continue to come up with ideas that grab consumers attention. Dell must come up with new products and infix current products keep consumer interest.If Dell hopes to increase Market share they should be very selective in choosing new avenues enterprise Work Cited 1. Dell Inc. International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 63. St. James Press, 2004. Reproduced in Business and Company Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich. Gale Group. 2010 2. Standard and Poors (2010) Retrieved from http//www. netadvantage. standardandpoors. com. ezproxy. metrostate. edu/NASApp/NetAdvantage/showPublication. do? dataPosition=3&SPID=20251 3. Datamonitor. (2009, July 8). Datamonitor Dell Inc. Dell inc. Company profile, Retrieved from http//ezp roxy. etrostate. edu/login? url=http//search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct= true(a)&db=buh&AN=43606079&site=ehost-live 4. Datamonitor. (2009, December). Software industry profile global. Retrieved from http//ezproxy. metrostate. edu/login? url=http//search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct=true&db=buh&AN=47196292&site=ehost-live 5. Business & Company resource Center. (2010) Retrievd from http//galenet. galegroup. com. ezproxy. metrostate. edu/servlet/BCRC? vrsn=unknown&locID=mnamsu&srchtp=glbc&cc=1&c=1&mode=c&ste=60&tab=1&tbst=tsCM&ccmp=Dell+Inc. &mst=dell&docNum=DC322938&bConts=3

Foam Cutter

Chapter I The Problem Its BackgroundOur environment today is experiencing a lot of superfluous phenomena the corresponding floods, earthquakes and separate incidents and pollution is the root of all of these incidents. Serving the environment would be a big att finish up to to M separate Earth. The detectives decided to subscribe junk into a vernal and utile thing that whitethorn be frugal consumptiond by students and that may be a progress in our economy. Plastic is one of our parliamentary procedures main problems for it is laboured to decompose it takes years to decompose a single tractile bag.Plastics be one of the reasons why we experience flood for the reason that they block the irrigate that passes the inland water musical mode that begins the water level go up rather making it go down. Plastic arsehole be useful neverthe little it is too harmful to our environment. victimisation complianceatives correctly would be a great help. The principle is quite an simple there is a strong electric on-going in a thin resistive electrify. The telegram on a lower floor the effect of current and come alive tenderloin easily and cleanly Styro spume, much demote than with a knife or a attendant, curiously for large pieces.Styro spume is withal a charge card and it is a light, expand polystyrene pli fit. Styro form bubbles is a very versatile material utilize in m either hobby applications ranging from remote-control airplanes to stem remodeling. Like just well-nigh different plastics it takes years to decompose Styro spume, a reason why we should use it efficiently and correctly. Styro form bubbles is an key part of the modern economy. Its a very versatile intersection point, use for cups, plates, and tied(p) some interior decorating items. separate very popular use is that of packing material. Packing Styro sparkle comes in either loose form, or as peanuts. As consumers, we use this cross focusing every day. However, it ha s many other uses besides those for househ over-the-hill decorating or shipping. Styro effervesce has a very scummy melting temperature that is why the researchers decided to melt the Styro effervesce rather than exquisite it. It raise in addition be employ to spot plastic or synthetic foam.A guitar wagon train has a number of frequencies at which it leave behind naturally vibrate. These natural frequencies ar known as the harmonics of the guitar draw. Guitar string cig bet be fool of Bronze Wound the most common guitar string, the Phosphor Bronze Wound is a bronze string with phosphor added to he alloy, Silk & ampere Steelis a special design string where the unwrapped strings atomic number 18 field of ope symmetryn firebrand and the wrapped strings have a thin steel core surrounded by many nylon filaments and then wrapped with silver plated brass windings, Nickel Plateda string consists of nickel plated steel wraps virtually a steel core, Pure Nickela string consis ts of nickel wraps around a steel core. repayable to the pure nickel content and Stainless Steelis come onlined as asteelalloywith a minimum of 10. 5or 11%chromiumcontent by mass.The researchers decided to draw and quarter a research/ taste that would help the environment by maximizing the use of their resources and by making recycled materials useful. Another reason why the researchers chose this try was so that they may help propose newly business opportunities in the industry of Styrofoam carving/modeling. Statement of the Problem The researchers aimed to register if it is possible to strike Styrofoam cutlery do of guitar sting and other recycled materials. Specifically, this deliberate waitks to dissolve the following questions1. What argon the materials that piece of tail be apply in making a Styrofoam bid?2.Does the mathematical growth duty correctly?3. How will the correct produce do or guitar string and other recyclable materials be effective in grou nd of world a Styrofoam barren tool 3. 1 part andeffectiveness4. What would be the advantages and disadvantages of the mathematical product over the other dim materials?5. How could this product make a channelise in the society?Statement of Hypotheses Sub Problems Null hypotheses utility(a) hypotheses1. Would the materials be eco friendly?1. The materials that are holded are harmful to our environment.1. The materials needed are recyclable materials and Eco friendly.2. Would the experiment be functional?2. It would not bring any help and it would be just a float of time.2. The experiment would serve its propose why it is done.3. Would the researcher accomplish the experiment?3. It wont call on for the researcher lacks experience and knowledge.3. The experiment will sketch for the researchers persevere a lot and steering of the researchers reviews.4. Would the researcher meet all the needed requirements? 4. It would be hard for the researchers to find some of the mater ials and tools needed to make the machine.4. The researcher will make ways to continue the experiment and finish the product with a heavy character reference.5. Would the experiment provide pattern in our engineering?5. The experiment will not be an innovative one.5. The experiment will provide a new technological development.6. Would the experiment be a self- do one?6. The researchers would fail in their experiment for the product would not work.6. The researchers would succeed in creating their product as a useful material for keen Styrofoam.Scope and LimitationThis study is limited in making an effective Styrofoam woodcarver do of guitar and other recycled materials that plunder be free-base at home. Guitar string will be the main material used in making the Styrofoam carver. This study must be conducted within ten (10) months period. This study is limited on how far the researcher washbowl go. This study aimed to provide a new diversity in the industry of Styrofoam carving. This study would look for ways to make exorbitance into a useful inclination that will be a help in improving our eccentric of disembodied spirit, which rotter help in making life easier and in making things go fast-paced.It is an alteration, an improvement and the researchers chose this topic to help improve life and not to make population lazy. It is just on how the users utilize the machine. Signifi send packingce of the Study This study aimed to get a Styrofoam cutter made of guitar strings and other recycled materials. This study would provide a great innovation in the industry of Styrofoam craving. It would help in harsh, craving and shaping Styrofoam in a faster and easier way. It can in like manner help in preventing too much waste from carving Styrofoam for this machine can cut Styrofoam efficiently.This study would provide another development in our municipality for it can help in providing employment for housewives or skilled craftsmen for extra income , for this machine could be done at home and with recycled materials. This machine can constrain simple craft that can be traded to other verdant. That can promote our economy and our country.Definition of Terms1. Carvingfoam is a foam product which is designed to be worked by carving. A wide variety of foams can be used forcarving, including urethane foam, expended polystyrene foam and polyusocyanurate foam.2. Conductor is a material which contains movableelectric charges. In metal-lookingconductors such ascopperoraluminum, the movable charged p holds areelectrons.3. Decomposition is the knead by which original material is broken down into simpler forms of matter. The process is essential for recycling the finite matter that occupies fleshly space in thebiome. The science which studies decomposition is generally referred to astaphonomyfrom theGreekwordtaphos, take to being tomb.4. Dimmers devices used to vary the brightness of alight. By decreasing or increasing theRMS pot ential difference. Although variable-voltage devices are used for mixed purposes, the term dark is generally reserved for those intended to controlresistiveincandescent,halogenand more recently tamp fluorescentlighting.5. Environmentally friendly is excessively known as eco-friendly,nature friendly, andgreen are monetary revalue used to refer to crushs and services,laws, guidelines and policies claimed to inflict minimal or no harm on theenvironment.6. Fuse a type of low resistanceresistorthat acts as a sacrificialto provideover current protection, of either the load or source circuit. Its essential component is a metal wire or strip that melts when too much current flows, which interrupts thecircuitin which it is connected.7. Guitar a plucked string instrument usually played with fingers or apick. The guitar consists of a body with a rigid make love to which the strings, generally six in number, are attached. Guitars are traditionally constructed of various woods and strung with wolf gut or, more recently, with either nylon or steel strings. Some modern guitars are made ofpolycarbonatematerials.8. fire up send is a discipline of thermal engineeringthat concerns the generation, use, conversion, and exchange ofthermal energyand commove amidst physical var.s. Heat transfer is classified into various mechanisms, such asheat conduction,convection,thermal radiation, and transfer of energy by phase changes.9. Hotwire foam cutter is a tool used to cutpolystyrenefoam and similar materials. The device consists of a thin, taut metal wire, often made ofnichromeorstainless steel, or a thicker wire preformed into a desired shape, which is heated viaelectrical resistanceto approximately 200C. As the wire is passed by dint of the material to be cut, the heat from the wire vaporizes the material just in pressurise of contact.10. Lead an electrical connection consisting of a length ofwireor soldering pad that comes from a device. Leads are used for physical su pport, to transfer power, to probecircuits, and to transmit in administration.11. Plastic are typicallyorganicpolymersof highmolecular mass, but they often contain other substances. They are usually synthetic, most unremarkably derived frompetro chemicals, but many are partially natural. Plastic materials are any of a wide start turn up of synthetic or semi-syntheticorganic unattackables that are moldable.12. Polystyrene similarly known as Thermocole. It is anaromaticpolymermade from themonomerstyrene, a liquidhydrocarbonthat is manufactured frompetroleumby thechemical industry. It is also a thermoplastic substance, which is in solid state at room temperature, but flows if heated above itsglass transition temperatureof about one hundred C, and becomes solid a net when cooled. Pure solid polystyrene is a colorless, hard plastic with limited tractability. It can be cast into molds with fine detail.13. chain of mountains is thevibrating atomthat produces sound instring instru ments, such as theguitar,harp,piano, and members of thefiddle family. Strings are lengths of a flexible material kept undertensionso that they may vibrate freely, but controllably.14. Styrofoam a trademark ofThe Dow Chemical Companyfor closed- cellextruded polystyrene foamcurrently made forthermal insulationand craft applications. In 1941, researchers in Dows Chemical Physics Lab found a way to make foamed polystyrene. Led byRay McIntire, they rediscovered a method first gear discovered by SwedishinventorCarl Georg Munters. Dow acquired exclusive rights to use Munters patents and found ways to make large quantities of extruded polystyrene as closed cell foam that resists moisture.15. Switch is anelectrical componentthat can break anelectrical circuit, interrupting thecurrentor comical it from one conductor to another.16. Temperature is aphysical propertyof matter that quantitatively expresses the common notions of causticandcold.17. Transformer a device that transferselectrical energyfrom onecircuitto another throughinductively coupledconductorsthe transformers coils.18. Vinyl Polymer are a group ofpolymersderived fromvinylmonomers. Their backbone is an extended alkane chain, made by polymerizing an alkenesgroup (C=C) into a chain (.. -C-C-C-C-.. )19. Voltage the loss inelectric potentialbetween two percentage points or the difference inelectric potential energyper unitchargebetween two points. A voltage may represent either a source of energy, or it may represent lost or stored energy.20. Wire is a single, usuallycylindrical, flexible strand or rod of metal. Wires are used to transport mechanicalloadsand to carryelectrical energyandtelecommunications signals.Wire is commonly formed bydrawingthe metal through a hole in adieordraw plate.Chapter II Review of related to Literature and StudiesIn Chapter I, the researchers were trying to find the problem, looking for more sources about it and trying to find ways to work the express problem. In this Chap ter, the researchers find sources for their research. The researchers found some related development about zealous wires or Styrofoam cutters that will be their guide for the research. Foreign There are many ways of stinging Styrofoam and the researcher has chosen use guitar string or stiflingwires.Hotwire cutters can be used in gaucherie any hard plastic or Vinyl polymer and it also has many uses for it is not just for stark naked but also for shaping, molding, craving and even for moneymaking(prenominal) uses. And according to a website gamey wire cutter are defined as Hot wire cutters are used for neat polystyrene foam types of Styrofoam, or upholstery foam into a variety of shapes and sizes for a wide variety of commercial and happy application. Hotwire foam cutters are usually made of metals. Metals are known for being a good conductor of heat and electricity and that is why it can be a good aterial to be used in making a torrid wire foam cutter. Hot-wire foam cutteri s a tool used to cutpolystyrenefoam and similar materials. The device consists of a thin, taut metal wire, often made ofnichromeorstainless steel, or a thicker wire preformed into a desired shape, which is heated viaelectrical resistanceto approximately 200C. As the wire is passed through the material to be cut, the heat from the wire vaporizes the material just in communicate of contact. The researchers chose guitar string as the main substance in creating a foam cutter made out of recycled materials.A usual guitar string is made of steel which makes it a heat conducting metal a factor why the researchers chose it for it fits to be the special wire in this apparatus. Moreover, guitar strings are also cheap resource oriented, and can be found at home. These are the reasons why the researchers picked steel guitar string as the special wire. Metals are much better thermal conductors than non-metals because the resembling mobile electrons which participate in the electrical conducti on also take part in the transfer of heat.Hot wire cutters can create a simple Styrofoam in diametrical useful crafts. It can make cash out of junks. It is used by different professionals like Architects, artists, designers, and many more. It can also provide occupation or source of income. It can promote our countrys economy. Local Our countrymen are well known as skilled craftsmen and very creative people as the saying goes, Filipinos can make junk as useful things. So, the researchers decided to help our countrymen by creating a Styrofoam cutter made of recycled materials.It can lessen the waste in carving Styrofoam. Styrofoam is made of plastic that can damage our environment a reason why some organizations recommended to stop using Styrofoam for commercial uses. It is utter that Styrofoam is just an additive waste problem for our country. It was said in a new article It shouldnt take much convincing to Say NO to Styrofoam, but theres so much of it We are almost as addicted t o Styrofoam as we are to oil. And majority of the Styrofoam made ends up in the landfill.The answer to this problem is the proper usage of Styrofoam and having the ight equipment in keen Styrofoam to lessen the waste or mistakes that can be done. Lastly, caring and having full responsibility of our environment. Man draws almost endless benefits from great gifts of technology like styrene. What it calls for in return is simple proper use and responsible disposal. With the current waste segregation scheme implemented by the local government, it falls to consumers to play their part in ensuring that their various garbage, particularly polystyrene and plastic, are segregated and undergo the proper recycling process, acquiring yet a whole new range of useful by-products.Review of Related Studies Foreign A flexible automated foam cutting clay M. Jouaneh, A. Hammadand P. Datseris Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, U. S. A. reckon Direc t cutting of foam has the advantage of greater flexibility and rock-bottom lead time over molding. This paper discusses the design and development of a flexible automated arranging for foam cutting that utilizes hot-wire cutters. The cutters are moved through the use of a basketball team-axis gantry-type robot system equipped with a tool turret.A method for modeling the cut geometry, based on representing the three-dimensional cut shape as a combination of basic geometrical block shapes, is presented. This method gives the system flexibility to handle different work piece geometries. A proficiency for generating the required cutting paths from the modeled geometry is also shown. The developed methodology was applied for the cutting of automotive seat cushions. The results show that the automated system significantly reduces the cutting time and produces cuts of improved quality. ttp//www. sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S0890695596000223 Plastic Foam slipperiness Mechani cs for fast Prototyping and Manufacturing Purposes by Hadley Brooks Abstract Development of foam cutting machines for quick prototyping and manufacturing purposes began pifflingly after the first additive manufacturing machines became commercialized in the late 1980s. Increased computer power, the development and adoption of CAD/CAM bundle and rising demand for customization has caused the rapid prototyping industry to grow swiftly in recent decades.While conventional rapid prototyping technologies are continuing to improve in speed and accuracy the ability to produce large (> 1mA? ) prototypes, moulds or parts it is still big-ticket(prenominal), time go through and often impossible. Foam cutting rapid prototyping and manufacturing machines are ideally suited to fulfill this niche because of their high speed, large working volumes and inexpensive working materials. Few foam cutting rapid prototyping machines have been commercialized to-date leaving significant opportunities for research and development in this area.Thermal plastic foam cutting is the material removal process most commonly used in foam cutting rapid prototyping to shape or sculpt the plastic foam into desired shapes and sizes. The process is achieved by introducing a heat source (generally a wire or ribbon) which alters the physical properties of the plastic foam and allows low cutting forces to be achieved. In thermal plastic foam cutting the heat source is generated via watt southward (electrical) heating. This study wonders the plastic foam cutting process using experimental cutting trials and finite element analysis.The first part of this thesis presents an introduction to conventional foam cutting machines and rapid prototyping machines. It is suggested that a food market opportunity lies out of r individually of both of these groups of machines. By combining attributes from from each one, foam cutting rapid prototyping machines can be developed to fill the gap. The second par t of this thesis introduces the state-of-the-art in foam cutting rapid prototyping and investigates previous research into plastic foam cutting mechanics. The third part of this thesis describes cutting trials used to determine important factors which influence plastic foam cutting.Collectively over 800 individual cutting establishs were made. The cutting trials included two main material sets, expanded polystyrene and extruded polystyrene, three different wire diameters, two hot-ribbon configurations and a wide range of feed rates and power input signals. For each cut the cutting force, wire temperature and kerfs comprehensiveness was measured as well as observations of the surface texture. The selective information was then analyzed and empirical relationships were identified. An transcend spreadsheet is established which allows the calculation of important outcomes, such as kerf width, based on chosen inputs.Quantitative measurements of the surface rigour and form, of cuts m ade with hot-tools, will not be addressed in this thesis. This body of work is currently under investigation by a colleague within the FAST group. The fourth part of this thesis describes the formation of a nonlinear transient two-dimensional heat transfer finite element model, which is developed for plastic foam cutting simulations. The conclusion is that the cutting trials contributed to a better understanding of plastic foam cutting mechanics.A new parameter was identified called the mass specific effective heat input, which is a function of the foam material and the cutting tool, it allows the prediction of cutting conditions with given cutting parameters and hence provides the necessary relationships needed for accommodative automated foam sculpting. Simulation results were validated by comparison with experimental entropy and provide a strong base for further developments including optimization processes with adaptive control for kerf width (cut error) minimization.This stu dy has added considerably to the mob of knowledge for foam cutting with a hot-tool. In general, much of the work reported herein has not been previously published. This work provides the most advanced study of foam sculpting work available to date. http//ir. canterbury. ac. nz/bitstream/10092/4291/3/Thesis_fulltext. pdf. txt Cutting apparatus for plastic foam solids or the like Abstract A cutting apparatus for plastic foam solids or the like which comprises a cutting wire system having a plurality of cutting wires attached ubstantially perpendicularly between two substantially parallel reinforcement rods detached from each other so that a piece of plastic foam solid to be cut can be passed through the cutting wires between the supporting rods, and an oscillating drive engaged with the supporting rods so as to oscillate rotatably the supporting rods in opposing rotational directions and therefore to oscillate the wires to and fro lengthwise. The cutting wires are spaced from each other in either of two cutting wire positions lengthwise along the supporting rods.The cutting wires are attached eccentrically to the outmost periphery of the supporting rods, each of the cutting wires which are each in a different one of the cutting wire positions lying in planes parallel to the supporting rods and each of the cutting wires in the same cutting wire position lying in the same plane. Each of the cutting wires in the different cutting wire positions is guided to and attached to opposite outer peripheral sides of each of the supporting rods so that the planes formed by the cutting wires of each of the different cutting wire positions cross each other at an acute angle.Preferably the cutting wires are heat able electrically and attached to the supporting rods by way of coil springs. http//www. patentstorm. us/patents/4608893. html A study on the influence of the sloped cutting angle on kerfwidth and part quality in the hotwire cutting of EPS foam for the VLM-Srapid p rototyping process Abstract The VLM-S rapid prototyping process employs hotwire cutting of an EPS foam sheet using a four-axis synchronized automatic hotwire cutter. The dimensional accuracy and the quality of the cut part are highly pendent on cutting parameters such as effective heat input, and cutting angle, etc.The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of cutting angle on the kerfs width and the part quality in hotwire cutting of EPS foam for the case of the sloped cutting including single-sloped cutting with one cutting angle and generally sloped cutting with two cutting angles. Experiments are carried out to set about the relationship between kerfwidth and effective heat input for each cutting angle, and to find the relationship between the melted area and the cutting angle for each effective heat input.In commit to investigate the influence of cutting angle on temperature distribution in EPS foam, transient heat transfer analysis using the sloped heat co mbine model and the conformed lock structure is carried out. Through comparison of the results of the experiment and the transient heat transfer analysis, it has been shown that the sloped heat flux with an elliptical cross-section and the conformed mesh structure are needed to estimate the three-dimensional temperature distribution in the EPS foam in the sloped hotwire cutting. http//www. ciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S0890695503001706 Polymercement composite based on recycled expanded polystyrene foam waste Abstract A new polymercement composite based on a recycled expanded polystyrene (EPS) resin has been developed as an effective method for EPS foam wastes management. The liquefied polymer is prepared by dissolving the foam waste in acetone, then in toluene at the ratio 11321 per volume, respectively. The composite is made by incorporating the resulting resin into cement-paste at selected water cement ratios.At the end of defined curing periods, the physical, mechanica l, and thermal characterizations of the obtained composite were evaluated under variable factors e. g. , Acetone toluene ratio, water cement ratio (w/c), curing periods. Compressive strength, apparent porosity, bulk density, and specific gravity were determined for the composite under the various stated conditions. FT-IR, XRD, thermal analysis, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were performed for the hard blocks to study the effect of the added recycled EPS resin on the microstructure of the end products.Based on the data so far obtained it can be concluded that the candidate dissolution process of EPS foam wastes is an easily environmental friendly technique that allows afterward using the resultant resin for producing an added value, low cost, vivid market competitive, and multipurpose light weight cement composite. http//onlinelibrary. wiley. com/doi/10. 1002/pc. 21171/abstract Short-hot-wire method for the measurement of correspond hemispherical emissivity of a fine cas e Seiji Fujiwara, Xing Zhang, Motoo Fujii Received 20 December 1999 AbstractA new short-hot-wire method for the measurement of total hemispherical emissivity of a fine fibre is proposed. This method uses two short hot wires and is based on the analytical solution of one-dimensional steady-state heat conduction along the hot wires and fibre. Two hot wires are arranged parallel to each other. Both the hot wires are supplied with a constant direct current to generate heat and maintain the same average temperature. A test fibre bridges the wires and its ends are attached to the centre position of each hot wire to form an H-type probe.By the use of this two hot wires technique, the total heat transmitted from the hot wires to the fibre is completely radiated from the fibre to the surroundings under vacuum conditions. Therefore, the average temperature rise of the hot wire depends on the emissivity of a fibre. The steady-state heat conduction for the H-type probe is analytically solved to obtain the absolute relationship between the temperature rise of the hot wires and the fibre emissivity. Based on this relationship, the emissivity of the fibre can be estimated when the average temperature and the heat rate of the hot wires with known thermal properties are measured.The theoretical analysis has confirmed that the present method can obtain emissivity in the range of 0. 1 1. 0 within an error of 1% for the fibre with its diameter around 10 ? m. http//www. perceptionweb. com/abstract. cgi? id=htwu375 Synthesis Styrofoam is of the most used polymer product. It is often used in architecture, carving and alike. There are many ways to cut Styrofoam, like using blades or cutter, also by the help of laser and also by using hot wires. There are many ways to create a Styrofoam cutter or better known as hot wire. And it is also sold in the market.A hot wire is not only for Styrofoam but it can also use for cutting plastics and other polymer substance. For heat can divide po lymer materials better than blades. Heating metals/wires can create a physical or chemical change to an object or it can also make a new product. While the electricity that would run in the wire would be the source of heat of the heated wire. Hot wire is a process of heating metals or wire in order to burn or cut an object. victimization hot wire as an instrument of cutting may be complex but faster and more accurate than using blades.Styrofoam is a polymer product that takes time to decay. It is said in that the ratio of toluene is 11321 per volume. It takes time of a small piece of Styrofoam to decay, a reason that Styrofoam should be used properly and should not be wasted. Styrofoam is one of pollutant that affects our environment a lot. Local Hot-wire parallel technique A new method for simultaneous determination of thermal properties of polymers Abstract The hot-wire parallel technique standardized for determining the thermal conductivity of ceramic materials was employed in th e determination of the thermal properties of polymers.For these materials, additional care must be taken considering the low melting point of polymers, when compared with that for ceramic materials. Samples can be prepared either in the shape of bricks or in the shape of half-cylinders. The thermal conductivity and the specific heat were simultaneously determined from the same experimental thermal transient, and the thermal diffusivity is derived from these properties. Five different polymers with different structures at room temperature were selected, and measurements were carried out from room temperature to approximately the maximum service operating temperature.A nonlinear least-squares accommodate method was employed in the calculations, so that all the experimental points obtained are considered in the thermal properties calculations. The apparatus used in this work is fully automatic. The reproducibility is very good with respect to the thermal conductivity, even with a defe ctive experimental arrangement with respect to the theoretical model. However, deviations from the theoretical model have a severe influence on the specific heat values and, consequently, on the thermal diffusivity.Experimental results were compared with those available in the literature, showing the applicability of this technique for the determination of thermal properties of polymers. 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85 17791786, 2002 http//onlinelibrary. wiley. com/doi/10. 1002/app. 10681/abstract Abstract The hot-wire calibration method as proposed by Cimbala and green (1990) has been showen to be accurate within a temperature range of 2045C. This is a significant extension of the range used by Cimbala and Park (27. 5 34. 5C). The accuracy of the calibration is not affected by the ambient temperature.The calibration fold obtained seems to hold over a long period of time, thus reducing the need for frequent calibrations. Due to contamination the accuracy eventuall y decreases and the probe has to be re-calibrated. http//www. springerlink. com/content/r774213w086k2572/ Paper, Rice Hull and Polystyrene Foam Blocks butt Gil E. Jimena, Jonathan Lloyd N. Lunsayan, Franco C. Flores Abstract Nowadays, people in the construction industry here in the Philippines and abroad can ceaselessly attest to the rising prices of the construction commodities in the market, not to mention the equally increasing cost of labor.This economic scenario is indeed an offshoot of the worsening global crisis that both highly developed and developing countries are experiencing. http//ejournals. ph/index. php? journal=CUEJ Synthesis Styrofoam as we know can affect our environment. We cannot just let our environment undefiled by these styrofoam,m the styrofoam cutter decreases the damage in our environment, the right temperature should be followed because if the wire is not that hot, it cannot cut styrofoam. golosh measure should continuously be guided when doing the e xperiment.Hot-wire can cut easily because it has more heat produces than the other. It will be seen because of the styrofoam, sometimes if the styrofoam does not cut then the wires are not that hot to cut a styrofoam. Observe proper room temperature when doing the experiment is needed. Hot wires used when it needs to cut a certain(prenominal) material. Chapter III systems of question and Procedures In the previous chapters the researchers had pull together data for the experimentation that the researchers are about to conduct. The researchers looked for references for the experimentation.And in this chapter the researchers are going to conduct the experiment. It is putting all the researchers ideas and collected information into application. Method of the Study In this research the researchers used experimental research for them to obtain the target output. Experimental Research is used to identify the dependent and independent variable and to know its relationship to each other , to see the result of the study if it will succeed or not and to test the hypotheses which is used for basis of investigation.Also in this chapter, it involves the creation or invention of products and also, the creation of new ideas that may help the people who would encounter this merciful of studies for the innovation of the country for the future. This study was intended to discover the effectiveness of styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials. Materials and Methods In conducting this experiment, the researchers created a homemade styrofoam cutter made of some recyclable materials and use guitar string as its main material. Since the experiment is made of recyclable materials, materials should come from junks and other old stuffs.The researchers only bought a single-pole dark sell from Ace Hardware. And all of the other materials came from some recycled stuffs like the guitars string number 1 from an old broken guitar, a 12 feet 16 gauge used exten sion cord, some old plyboard came from senseless ones, old or broken CD cases, an old 25 volt 2 amp transformer, an assembled length of two conductor electrical wires with a regular ballyhoo on the end, some excess metal wires shaped as rings, wooden rod and the tools needed to create the product. The materials do not need to be expensive nor classy.The materials have to be in good quality and durable so that the experiment work properly and be successful. With all the materials needed for the experiment the researchers started making the product. The researchers first made the variant of the styrofoam cutter. The researchers drew an arc on the plywood to serve as the frame of the styrofoam cutter. The frame should be changeless and durable for long use. The researches put two machine make do nuts in the both end of the frame, these machine screw nuts would serve as the conductor of electricity and heat that comes from the wire.The machine screw nuts should not be small and no t too tall for it can cause ruin and other injury when touch. The next procedure was to attach the wires that carry the 25 Volts current to the cutting wire by the help of two machine screws as its terminal posts. Save the plug and outlets for future projects, if you like. plunder the insulation off the last inch of one end of one wire of the cord and instal a machine screw in the top of the right side of the frame. The next thing to do is to attach the guitar string as the hot wire. Make a loop by feeding the other end through this metal rings.Hook the loop over one terminal. The guitar string should not touch the frame and also the wires for it can burn but remember to keep it close to the nuts. And finally the researchers connected the dimmer switch and the transformer by the use of electric tapes. This will create an outlet and a wire that is connected to the guitar string. Finally the researchers enclosed the transformer in a box made of recycled materials to make the produc t more creative, presentable and be eco-friendly. Statistical Treatment of data The all the gathered data were subjected to the following formulas Frequency disseminationFrequency Distribution is an arrangement of the values that one or more variables take in asample. It is used for identifying a specific proportion of the population. It is the number of times of occurrence of a variable. This statistical method is used by the researcher for calculating gather data. It can also show the rate part of each value included in the set of questions. The scale is used in calculating gathered materials from the questionnaires. This is the formula being use Wherein P = pctage f = frequency n = number of samples Weighted MeanWeighted ungenerous is also called as weighted average. It humbles finding the middle or the average where instead of each of the data points contributing equally to the final average, some data points contribute more than others. It was tallied for verbal interpreta tion of data. literal Interpretation Weighted Mean Strongly Agree 3. 31 4. 00 Agree 2. 30 3. 30 protest 1. 90 2. 29 Strongly Disagree 1. 00 1. 89 Flowchart Chapter IV Analysis, Presentation and Interpretation of Data The pervious chapters are all about knowing the problem to be answered.Looking for facts that may help the researchers answer the problem to be solved. In this chapter, the researchers would be analyzing, presenting and interpreting all the gathered data in this research. The questionnaires made by the researcher would provide answers for the said study. This would serve as the researchers medium in data forum the researchers. This study was composed of 40 respondents selected randomly. Presentation is the practice of showing the gathered information or data and explaining the content of a topic to be discussed. It is the method used to organize and store data or information.Analysisis the process of breaking or subdividingcomplex topicor substance into smalle r parts to gain a better understanding and better comprehension of it. It is where data are being evaluated and examined under the decisive investigation of the study. And lastly, interpretation of data is giving meaning of an act. It is putting donation on the gathered data. It is the process of explaining and elaborating all of the data gathered. Table 1 The Materials that can be Used in Making a Styrofoam legal tender Items Frequency parting Blade/Knife 3 1. 92% Wire 29 18. 47% Fire 0 0%Guitar string 25 15. 93% Transformer 16 10. 19% Dimmer 11 7% Switch 20 12. 74% Metal rods 15 9. 55% Needle 2 1. 27% Plug 20 12. 74% Cable wire 13 8. 28% Laser 3 1. 91% Total 157 100% It can be deduced from Table 1 the materials that can be used in making a styrofoam cutter. One point ninety-two percent (1. 92%) said that blade or knife is needed in making a styrofoam cutter. While eighteen point forty-seven percent (18. 47%) said that wires are needed in making a styrofoam cutter. Nut zero perce nt (0%) said that fire is needed in making a styrofoam cutter.Fifteen point ninety-three percent (15. 93%) said that guitar strings are needed in making a Styrofoam cutter. Ten point 19 percent (10. 19%) said that transformer is needed in making a Styrofoam cutter. Seven percent (7%) said that dimmer is needed in making a styrofoam cutter. Twelve point seventy-four percent (12. 74%) said that switch is needed in making a Styrofoam cutter. Nine point fifty-five (9. 55%) percent said that metal rods are needed in making a Styrofoam cutter. One point twenty-seven percent (1. 27%) said that needle is needed in making a Styrofoam cutter. represent 1 shows the possible materials to be used in making a Styrofoam cutter. Most or majority of the respondents chose wires, guitar string, switch and plug as the materials needed in making a Styrofoam cutter. Those materials are some of the materials used by the researchers in making the Styrofoam cutter. Table 2 Functionality of a Styrofoam cut ting tool Made of Guitar String and Recycled Materials Items Frequency Percentage Yes 37 92. 5% No 3 7. 5% Total 40 100 It can be deduced from Table 2 how functional the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials.It can be inferred that 37 out of 40 responds or ninety-two point five percent (92. 5%) believe that the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and recycled materials is functional. While 3 out of 40 respondents or seven point five percent (7. 5%) do not believe that the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and recycled materials is functional. Graph 2 shows how functional the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials. mass or most of the respondents agree that the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials is functional and working properly.Table 3 The Quality of the Styrofoam Cutter Made of Guitar String and Recycled Materials Items SA A D SD WM VI 1. The product can create quality output. 15 22 3 0 3. 3 SA 2. The product is presentable to the eye. 6 28 10 11 3. 45 SA 3. The product will last long. 7 16 15 1 2. 67 A 4. The product proves that outgo and quality could co-exist. 10 19 10 1 2. 95 A 5. The product needs heedful handling. 29 11 0 0 3. 72 SA It can be deduced from Table 3 the quality of the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials.It can be inferred from the table that the respondents potently agree that the product can create quality outputs with the weighted mean of 3. 3. Moreover, they also strongly agree that the product is presentable to the eye and the product needs careful handling with a computed weighted mean of 3. 45, and 3. 72 respectively. moreover they agree that the product will last long and proves that expense and quality could co-exist with a computed weighted mean of 2. 67 and 2. 95 respectively. Graph 3 shows the quality of the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials.Majority of t he respondents concur that the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials is in good quality. Table 4 The Effectiveness of the Styrofoam Cutter made of Guitar String and Recycled Materials. Items SA A D SD WM VI 1. The product can function efficaciously. 13 22 4 1 3. 17 SA 2. The product can cut with less waste. 10 18 12 0 2. 95 A 3. The product can do better than man power. 9 20 8 2 2. 85 A 4. The product can cut better than blades. 9 26 4 1 3. 07 SA 5. The product does not create the shapes that are complex. 9 21 8 2 2. 2 A It can be deduced from Table 4 the effectiveness of the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials. It can be inferred from the table that the respondents strongly agree that the product can function effectively with the weighted mean of 3. 17. Moreover, they also strongly agree that the product can cut well than blades with a computed weighted mean of 3. 07. Furthermore they agree that the product can cu t with less waste, can do better than man power and can create the shapes that are complex with a computed weighted mean of 2. 95, 2. 85 and 2. 92 respectively.Graph 4 shows the effectiveness of the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials. Majority of the respondents concord that the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials is effective in cutting Styrofoam. Table 5 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Styrofoam Cutter Made of Guitar String and Other Recycled Materials Items SA A D SD WM VI 1. The product can be used significantly. 9 26 4 1 3. 07 SA 2. It is expensive. 7 14 13 6 2. 55 A 3. The product can easily cut Styrofoam. 11 23 4 2 3. 07 SA 4. It makes work faster. 9 21 10 0 2. 7 A 5. It is eco-friendly for it is recycled. 10 25 2 3 3. 05 SA 6. It can easily be used without the help of manuals. 10 22 7 1 3. 02 SA 7. It gives hard time cutting small pieces of Styrofoam. 8 18 10 4 2. 75 A 8. It takes a lot of tim e heating the wire. 10 22 8 0 3. 05 SA 9. The product is capable of accurate cutting of Styrofoam. 9 27 3 1 3. 1 SA 10. It helps in creating less waste in cutting Styrofoam. 15 21 2 2 3. 22 SA It can be deduced from Table 5 the advantages and disadvantages of using Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials.It can be inferred from the table above that the respondents strongly agree that the product can be used significantly with the computed weighted mean of 3. 07. Moreover, they also strongly agree that the product can easily cut Styrofoam, eco-friendly for it is a recycled one, can easily be used without the help of manuals, takes a lot of time heating the wire, capable of accurate cutting of Styrofoam and helps in creating less waste in cutting Styrofoam with the computed weighted mean of 3. 07, 3. 05, 3. 02, 3. 05, 3. 1 and 3. 22 respectively.Furthermore, they agree that the product is expensive, makes work faster and gives hard time cutting small pie ces of Styrofoam with the computed weighted mean of 2. 55, 2. 97 and 2. 75 respectively. Graph 5 shows the advantages and disadvantages of using Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials. The respondents showed that the product has disadvantages and advantages when it comes to its function and effectiveness. It is also showed that the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials has more advantages than disadvantages. Table 6The Possible Changes in the Society with the Use of Styrofoam Cutter Made of Guitar String and Other Recycled Materials Items SA A D SD WM VI 1. It would be a big change in our craftsmen. 8 24 7 1 2. 97 A 2. It can evoke our exports of Styrofoam crafts. 5 27 7 1 2. 9 A 3. It can replace men in their works. 8 15 15 2 2. 72 A 4. It could cause economic growth. 12 20 8 0 3. 1 SA 5. It can be made at home. 15 22 2 1 3. 27 SA It can be deduced from Table 6 the possible changes in the society with the use of Styro foam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials.It can be inferred from the table that the respondents agree that the product would be a big change in our craftsmen with the computed weighted mean of 2. 97. Moreover, they also agree that the product can lift our export of Styrofoam crafts and the product can replace men in their works with a computed weighted mean of 2. 9 and 2. 72 respectively. Furthermore, they strongly agree that the product could cause economic growth and that the product can be made at home with a computer weighted mean of 3. 1 and 3. 27 respectively.Graph 6 shows the possible changes in the society with the use of the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials. Majority of the respondents strongly agree that the product can possibly change the society. Chapter V Summary, Conclusion, Recommendation In this chapter, Chapter 5 the result of all the gathered data would be discussed. This chapter contains the summary, the con clusion and the recommendation for the future researchers and for the readers. This chapter is based from the gathered information from the analysis and interpretation of data and also from the previous chapters. Summary of the FindingThis study focused on the Effectiveness of Styrofoam Cutter Made of Guitar String and Other Recycled Materials. The investigative method was implemented in order to determine relevant and up to date study. In this study forty respondents which came from random High rail students of Cavite School of Life Bacoor Campus, were chosen to partake in this study through expedience sampling technique. subsequently demonstrating the product, questionnaires were handed over to the respondents for data gathering for the study. Based on the gathered data from the selected respondents the following are found relevant in the studyWhat are the materials that can be used in making a Styrofoam cutter? accord to the data gathered from the respondents and presented in table 1 and graph 1 that wire with 18. 47%, guitar string 15. 93%, switch with 12. 74% and plug with 12. 74% are some of the common materials used and needed in making an effective Styrofoam cutter. And according to the respondents that fire, blade/knife, needle and laser are some materials not needed in making a Styrofoam cutter.Does the product function properly? fit in to the data gathered from the respondents and presented in table 2 and graph 2 that 92. % of the respondents said that the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials is functioning well and it does not malfunction. While 7. 5% of the respondents said that the product does not function well or did not pass their standard when it comes to being functional.How will the finished product made of guitar string and other recyclable materials be effective in terms a. Quality and According to the gathered information presented in table 3 and graph 3 that the product can create outputs that are cre ative and in good quality.The product was also presentable to the eye and it does not look like trash. The product seems to be durable and can last long. The negative thing about the product was it needs to be handled with care and it also proves that expense and quality can co-exist. b. effectiveness? According to the gathered information presented in table 4 and graph 4 the product can function efficiently and can cut well than blades. The product can also cut with less waste and it could also do better than output made by man. The negative thing about the product is it cannot create the shapes that are complex.4.What would be the advantages and disadvantages of the product over the other cutting materials? According to the gathered information presented in table 5 and graph 5 the advantages of a Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials are the product can be used significantly, can easily cut styrofoam, makes work faster, is eco-friendly for it is made of recycled materials, can easily be used without the help of manuals, is capable of accurate cutting of Styrofoam and lastly it helps in creating less waste in cutting Styrofoam compared to using blades. And also according to the gathered data the disadvantages of the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials are that the product gives hard time cutting small pieces of Styrofoam and takes a lot of time heating the wire.5. How could this product make a change in the society? According to the gathered information presented in table 6 and graph 6 that the product can make different changes in the society. The product could cause economic growth for our country and it can be made at home.The product can also be a big change in our craftsmen, can also lift our exports of Styrofoam crafts and can replace men in their works. Conclusions After summarizing the result of the study the researchers came up with the following conclusions based on the authenticity and c ooperativeness of high school students of Cavite School of Life Bacoor Campus, as the respondents in answering the questions.1. There are many materials that can be used in this experiment. alone in this study the researchers found out the top five materials that can be used in this experiment. Top choice was wire which was used as the connection between the source of electricity and the output. The second top choice was guitar string which was used by the researchers as their hotwire. The third top choice was plug and switch. The fourth choice was transformer which was used as the source of electricity. And lastly, the fifth choice was metal rods that can also serve as hotwires.2. Malfunctioning is one of the product number one problem. Good thing the product in this experiment did not malfunction and function efficiently.In this study the researchers found out that the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials was functioning well and can do its work pr operly.3. 1. In every product quality is always checked. In this study the researchers found out that the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials can provide outputs that are of good quality. The product is also presentable to the eyes. This product proves that expense and quality could co-exist which means that there are cheap product that can give good quality than expensive one.They could be reliable and durable with almost the lower range of price.4. 2. Effectiveness of a product should always be observed. The researchers found out that the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials is better than blades when it comes to cutting or craving Styrofoam. The good thing in this product is it creates less waste when cutting Styrofoam and it can also do better than cutting or carving manually. But the product also has its limitations for it is not that good in cutting or craving complex shapes.4. Every product has its weakness and st rength. The researchers found out that the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials has different advantages and disadvantages. It is also said to be time consuming when heating the guitar string. The said disadvantages do not hinder the product to perform well. The research also found out the advantages of using a Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials that it is capable of accurate cutting of Styrofoam than other cutting instrument. It is also eco-friendly and easy to use for it is just a simple machine.The product can also make work faster and easier.5. The researchers found out that the Styrofoam cutter made of guitar string and other recycled materials can make a big change in our society and for our society. It can develop the way our craftsman cut or crave Styrofoam. And it could also improve our product and our economy.Recommendation1. The researchers recommend that Styrofoam should be used properly and not be wasted.2. The researchers recommend that the product should be improved to solve the products disadvantages.3. The researchers recommend that having innovation of Styrofoam cutter will make it more effective to be used and function in the best way it could.4. The researchers recommend that this product should open the eyes of the people to be eco-friendly.5. The researchers recommend that the readers should appreciate recycled things and make usable stuffs from trash or old materials.6. The researchers recommend that the use of Styrofoam cutter made of guitar strings and recycled materials could make a difference and can provide economic growth. 1 . http//cooking-ez. com/page. php? id=27 2 . http//cooking-ez. com/page. php? id=273.http//hotwirefoamcutterinfo. com/Hot_Wire_Foam_Cutter_Info/Introduction. html4. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Hot-wire_foam_cutter 5 . http//hyperphysics. phy-astr. gsu. edu/hbase/thermo/thercond. html 6 . Philippines corpus Climate Change Survival Tip 3 Say NO to Styrofoam 7 . http//www. philstar. com/Article. aspx? articleId=694303